Angioleiomyoma of the Ankle with adjacent Superficial Peroneal Neuritis: A Case Report

Abstract

Angioleiomyoma is a rare, benign soft tissue neoplasm accounting for approximately 0.2% of all tumors of the foot and ankle. It occurs most frequently in women, with a mean age at presentation of approximately 47 years. Angioleiomyoma arises from smooth muscle proliferation within the tunica media of vessels, possibly originating from arteriovenous anastomoses, and forms a well-circumscribed vascular smooth muscle tumor. Complete surgical excision is considered curative in most cases and is associated with a low reported recurrence rate. Approximately 1% of cases transform into malignant variants, including leiomyosarcoma. Early identification and appropriate management are therefore essential to optimize outcomes and mitigate the potential risk of malignant progression. We present a rare case of angioleiomyoma arising over the superficial peroneal nerve at the ankle, highlighting its clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, surgical management, and histopathologic findings. Level of Evidence IV, Case Report